高校高水平男子跳远运动员起跳技术的运动生物力学特征研究

Characteristics of Sports Biomechanics on Take-off Technique on Topnotch Men’s Long Jump Athlete in Colleges

采用高速摄像机、三维测力台及遥测肌电仪三机同步测试的研究方法,对我国高校优秀跳远运动员起跳技术进行研究,从运动学、遥测肌电以及动力学方面,寻找跳远起跳技术中着地阶段、缓冲阶段和蹬伸阶段三个环节的协调联系及运行规律和不同级别运动员起跳技术各环节之间的差异。主要表现在关节速度及角度的不同,尤其是髋关节角度在缓冲阶段呈现先变大后减小的变化趋势;不同阶段不同肌肉群肌电积分值不同,呈现肌肉兴奋性不同;不同级别运动员同一阶段,测力台受力曲线不同且最大值、最小值也有差异等,为高校高水平运动员的跳远起跳技术的训练及教学提供有价值的参数及测试方法。

The authors use synchronous test research methods of high speed cameras,the three dimension test force platform and remote sensing muscle compressors to analyze the take-off technique on topnotch men’s long jump athlete in colleges.From the aspects of kinematics,the remote metering electromyography and dynamics,w e looked for coordination and operation rule in long jump take-off technique on landing,buffer and stretching stage and the different take-off technique on several levels of athletes.The results show the tendency of changing on buffer stage for the hip joint angle.In different stages,the muscle electromyography integral value presents different muscle excitability.At the same stage,the different levels of athletes have different load force curves and the maximum and minimum data also present different scales.The aim is to provide valuable index and research methods for the take-off technique on long jump training and teaching.