狂犬病的人间流行特征与因素分析

Analysis on epidemiological features and factors of rabies in human

狂犬病是一种重要的人畜共患病,中国是受狂犬病危害最严重的国家之一。本文通过对狂犬病流行特征、流行因素的综述,说明当前狂犬病高发主要原因,即养犬多、犬类管理紊乱、犬免疫率低、群众防病意识低、暴露后处置率低,提出实行以犬类免疫为主,结合犬类"管、灭、检"的综合防控措施,教育民众提高防治知识,提高人类暴露后的伤口及时处理和注射狂犬病疫苗、免疫球蛋白的水平,最终达到消除人类犬株狂犬病的目标。

Hydrophobia is a kind of important principal zoonosis, and China is one of the countries which are endangered mostly by hydrophobia all over the world. By summarizing the epidemic characteristics and factors of hydrophobia, this paper explained the principal reasons leading to the high incidence of hydrophobia. Those reasons included the huge number of dogs, the disordered administration and the low rate of immunity of dogs, the low rate of wound treatment and vaccination after exposing of human. This paper also suggested that the primary measure was vaccinating all of the dogs. At the same time, administration, slaughter and quarantine of dogs were equally important. To eliminate the disease of hydrophobia, we should raise the rate of animal vac- cination, inform the masses how to prevent the disease, and reinforce the treatment, vaccination and immuno- globulin injection in time after exposing.