中国西部部分少数民族地区产前检查现状及影响因素分析

Current State of Prenatal Examination and Associated Influence Factors in Some Western Minority-inhabited Areas

目的了解我国西部部分少数民族地区的妇女产前保健现状,探讨其影响因素,为进一步制定干预措施提供基线资料和依据。方法采用按容量比例概率(PPS)抽样法对12个被调查县173个行政村中1 351名3岁以下儿童的母亲进行了问卷调查。结果孕妇产前检查率为53.1%,孕早期(≤3个月)检查率为30.9%,5次及以上产前检查率为20.8%,平均检查次数为3.21次,首次检查时间平均为停经3.55月。年龄、民族、文化程度、人均年收入、活产生育数、孕前是否主动咨询医生、孕期保健知识知晓分级情况等因素是影响产前检查的主要因素。结论西部贫困农村的产前保健状况与全国平均水平和卫生部规定水平差距较远,孕产妇自我保护意识缺乏和知识薄弱是主要影响因素,需加强针对广大低文化水平适龄妇女的产前保健知识宣教。

Objective To understand the current state of prenatal care and examine the influence factors in some western minority-inhabited areas of China,and to provide basic data and evidence for policy intervention.Methods A total of 1 351 mothers of the children under the age of three were selected from 12 project counties by probability proportional to size（PPS） sampling and interviewed face-to-face.Results 53.1% of pregnant women received antenatal checkup.The prenatal checkup rate of the first trimester was 30.9%.The rate of over-five-time prenatal examination was 20.8% with an average of 3.21 times.The first prenatal diagnosis was made at the 3.55 gestational months on average.Major influence factors of the prenatal examination included age,nation,education,economic income,number of live neonates,behavior of initial consultation for a doctor and knowledge of antenatal health care.Conclusion The prenatal care in the western poor areas of China is far behind the national average level and fails to coincide with the provisions formulated by the Health Ministry of China.The principal influence factors include lack of self-protection awareness and knowledge.The knowledge of prenatal care should be popularized in the western poor areas of China.