橡胶种子、橡胶种子油的营养及食用安全性研究

A Safety Review of Hevea Rubber Seed and Seed Oil

橡胶种子含蛋白质19%～22%,脂肪49%～51%。蛋白质中有18种氨基酸,总氨基酸含量为97.6%,人体必需氨基酸总和与总氨基酸之比为28.72%,人体必需氨基酸总和与非必需氨基酸总和之比为40.29%。脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸总含量≥83%,多不饱和脂肪酸总含量(PuF)≥59%。新鲜橡胶种子中的菜豆亭苷在贮存和加工时会产生有剧毒的氢氰酸,但干燥和加热处理可除去99%的氢氰酸;橡胶种仁及油脂中含有微量的橡胶烃(0.2%～0.5%),不能被动物肠道分解吸收。加工后的橡胶种子、橡胶种子油是一种有营养、有功能、完全能达到食用安全标准的资源。

Hevea rubber seed is composed of husk and kernel, its kernel contains protein and fat （ accounts for around 20% and 50% respectively）, of which protein has 18 kinds of amino acids. The total amino acid （TAA） content makes up 97.6%, its ratio with the total essential amino acids for human reaches to 28.72%, and 40.29% in the ratio of the total essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids for human. The total unsaturated fatty acid content is up to 83% or more, and the total polyunsaturat- ed fatty acid （PuF） content is 59% or more. However, an anti-nutritional factor-phaseolunatin （C,0H,706N） in fresh rubber nut can produce toxic hydrogen cyanide （HCN） during storage and processing. 99% of this HCN can be removed under dry and heat treatment. Besides, rubber seed oil contains very low content of rubber hydrocarbon （vary from 0.2% to 0.5%）, is hard to be digested in animal alimentary canal, but is unharmful. The processed rubber seed and rubber seed oil can meet the food safety standard from the nutrition and function prospects.