一种新型农业经营主体:家庭农场——基于新制度经济学的分析视角

A New Agricultural Management Body:Family Farm——from the Perspective of New Institution Economics

家庭农场是我国农村经营体制的制度创新,这一制度创新必将极大地解放农业生产力,加速我国农业现代化进程。我国家庭农场具有的主要特征是:建立在公有产权基础上的农业经营组织;一种有效率的农业经营组织;大、中、小农场共同发展是我国家庭农场发展的趋势。当前家庭农场发展面临的"瓶颈"是:家庭农场土地流转集聚难;家庭农场主文化程度偏低;农业科技有效供给不足;家庭农场融资困难;农业信息化服务水平低。破解我国家庭农场发展"瓶颈"的对策是:健全农村土地流转制度;培养新型职业农民和家庭农场主;有效供给农业科技;创新农村金融,强化政府扶持政策;提高农业信息化服务水平。

Family farms,as an innovation of rural management system in China,are expected to liberate the agricultural productivity and accelerate agricultural modernization.Family farms in China bear the following three major characteristics.Firstly,this agricultural management organization is based on the public property rights.Second,this organization is efficient.Thirdly,family farms of big,small and medium size will develop side by side.Currently,family farms are faced with problems in such areas as land circulation,farmers’ education,effective supply of agricultural science and technology,financing,and agricultural information service.To resolve these problems,corresponding countermeasures are to be taken.They include improving the land transferring system,training new professional farmers and family farmers,supplying the agricultural science and technology effectively,innovating rural financial system and strengthening policy support,and improving the agricultural information service.