水污染指数法在河流水质评价中的应用研究

Application of Water Pollution Index in Water Quality Assessment of Rivers

为满足我国水质评价与管理的需要,针对单因子评价法和综合污染指数法在水质评价中存在的问题,提出了水污染指数法。采用该方法对湘江干流2009年的水质状况进行了试评价,并将评价结果与单因子评价法、综合污染指数法、模糊综合评判法以及主成分分析法的评价结果进行了对比。结果表明,水污染指数法在水质类别评价、水质定量评价、主要污染指标识别、劣Ⅴ类水体水质比较等方面均具有明显优势,同时,该方法计算过程简单、易掌握,具有较强的推广、应用价值。

According to the problems that exist in water quality assessment by using current single factor assessment method and comprehensive pollution index method,a new Water Pollution Index（WPI） method was proposed to meet the growing request of water quality assessment and management.The WPI method had been tested and validated in the main stream of Xiangjiang River using the available data sets of 2009,and the results were compared with the evaluation results by using single factor assessment,comprehensive pollution index,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and principal component analysis methods.Results showed that the WPI method was much more suitable in assessing water quality levels,quantifying water quality,identifying main pollution indicators,comparing water quality of water bodies whose quality were inferior to Class V.Furthermore,the computing process of the WPI method was easy to master.So the WPI for water quality assessment was supposed to have the strong promotion and application value in water quality assessment.