新疆师范大学校园中小型土壤动物群落多样性初步研究

A Preliminary Study on the Diversity of Micro-and Meso-fauna Communities in the Campus of Xinjiang Normal University

作者分别于2010年9月10日,10月10日,11月10日对新疆师范大学校园选取五种不同绿地对中小土壤动物群落多样性进行初步调查和研究。定时定量采集土样,采用室内Tullgren(干漏斗)法分离,并进行分类共获中小型土壤动物1630只,经初步分类鉴定隶属4门、10纲、18目,其中弹尾目(Collembola,25.77%)、真螨目(Acariformes,17.36%)、鞘翅目(Coleop-tera,11.53%)、双翅目(Dipterra,11.17%)等四类为优势类群,占总数的65.83%。柄眼目(Stylommatophora,7.67%)、倍足目(Diplopoda,4.66%)、半翅目(Hemiptera,3.93%)、正蚓目(Lumbricida,3.8%)、蜘蛛目(Araneae,3.25%)、等翅目(Homoptera,2.33%)、膜翅目(Hymenoptera,2.15%)、革翅目(Dermaptera,2.02%)、直翅目(Orthoptera,1.47%)、等足目(Isopoda,1.16%)、等10类为常见类群,占总数的33.62%。其余的综合目(Symphyla,0.31%)、蛭态目(Bdelloidea,0.18%)和缨翅目(Thysanoptera,0.06%)、三类为稀有类群,占总数的0.55%。在五种不同绿地中小型土壤动物类群数和个体数都有差异,其中个体数量顺序为:生地楼绿地>宿舍楼绿地>主楼绿地>图书馆绿地>操场绿地。类群数量顺序为:生地楼绿地>宿舍楼绿地>主楼绿地>图书馆绿地>操场绿地。中小型土壤动物多样性指数(H)顺序为生地楼绿地>宿舍楼绿地>主楼绿地>图书馆绿地>操场绿地;均匀度指数(E)顺序表现为操场绿地>图书馆绿地>主楼绿地>宿舍楼绿地>>生地楼绿地;优势度指数(C)为宿舍楼绿地>操场绿地>主楼绿地>图书馆绿地>生地楼绿地。

The communities diversity of micro--and meso--fauna in relation to5 different habitats in campus of Xinjiang Normal University were investigated by Tullgren dry funnel method with emphasis on the composition and diversity from September to November in 2010 . The results showed that a total of 1630 soil animals was extracted and classified into 4 phyla, 10 classes,and 18 orders, respectively. Collem- bola （25. 77%）, Acariformes （17. 36%）, Coleoptera （11. 53〉）, Dipterra（ll. 17%） were the dominant groups, and they were accounting for 65.83 %, and Lumbricida （3.8%）,Gastropoda （7.67%）,Araneae （3.25%） ,Isopoda （1.16%） ,Chilopoda （4.66%）, Orthoptera （1.47%）, Dermaptera （2.02%）, Hemipte- ra （3.93%）, Hymenoptera（2.15%）, Homoptera （2.33%） and so on were common groups and they were accounting for 33.62%. ,and the Thysanoptera（0.06%）,Rotifera（0.18%）,Symphyla（0.31%） were rare groups, and they were accounting for 0.55 % of total numbers. The results also suggested that the types of different habitats were affected on the individual density and group number of soil fauna community, and the in order of individual number is Bio--geography building greenland〉Dormitory building greenland 〉 Main building greenland 〉Library greenland 〉Playground greenland. The order of group number is Bio-- geography building greenland 〉Dormitory building greenland 〉Main building greenland 〉Library greenland 〉Playground greenland. We also analysed the community diversity indices such as diversity index （H）, evenness index （E）, and dominant index （C,） , and found that there were significant differences among the different greenlands. The Shannon--Wiener diversity index of Bio--geography building greenland 〉Dormitory building greenland 〉Main building greenland 〉 Library greenland 〉Playground greenland. The order of evenness index （E） of Playground Greenland 〉 Library greenland 〉Main building greenland 〉Dormitory building greenland〉Bio--geography building greenland. The dominance index of Dormitory building Greenland 〉 Playground greenland 〉 Main building greenland〉 Library Greenland 〉Bio--geography building greenland.