影响天津市居民鼠疫防控知晓率及相关因素分析

Influencing factors on awareness rate of Tianjin residents on plague control and prevention

目的了解天津市居民鼠疫预防控制(以下简称防控)知晓状况及影响因素,为采取防控应急和健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样的方法,在天津市18个区(县)抽样调查630名居民进行问卷调查。结果居民鼠疫防控知晓率的水平为59.2%,低于鼠疫疫区居民知晓率。发生鼠疫时需隔离控制知晓率最高(76.8%),鼠疫传播媒介知晓率最低(31.2%)。发生鼠咬后处置方法、防鼠灭鼠方法和鼠疫防治"三不"制度知晓率较高,分别为71.2%、66.2%和60.7%;鼠疫可以通过疫苗预防知晓率较低(34.9%)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,户籍、职业、受教育程度、人均月收入是鼠疫防治知晓的影响因素。城镇户籍居民比农村居民鼠疫防控知识知晓率高(0R=1.680);干部鼠疫防控知识知晓率高(0R=3.368);受教育程度为高中以上的学历比小学以下人员的鼠疫防控知识知晓率高(0R=2.261);月均收入>2 000元比<1 000元居民的鼠疫防控知晓率高(0R=1.782)。结论对居民的鼠疫防控宣传教育要根据不同的人群,采用不同的宣传教育方法,提高居民的鼠疫防控知晓水平。

Objectives To investigate the awareness rate of plague control and prevention and its influencing factors among the residents in Tianjin,and to provide basis for effective control measures and health education.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in 630 residents aged more than 15 years old who were randomly selected from 18 districts or counties of Tianjin.Results The overall awareness rate of plague was 59.2%,including the knowledge of isolation control of plague（76.8%）,knowledge of plague vectors（31.2%）,post-biting treatment methods（71.2%）,preventing and killing rodent methods（66.2%）,knowledge about ＂Three Noes Policy＂（No contact,no peeling,no cooking infected or dead marmots and any dead animals;No resting around marmot holes;No visiting plague patients or suspected plague patients）（60.7%）,vaccine Immunization（34.9%）.The logistic regression analysis showed that household register,career,education and monthly income were the main factors influencing the awareness rate of plague among residents in Tianjin.Urban residents were higher than that of rural residents（0R=1.680）;the cadre were higher than that of ordinary people（0R=3.368）;People received high school education（or higher） were higher than that of people received primary school education（0R=2.261）;people whose income was more than 2 000 RMB were higher than that of less than 2 000 RMB.Conclusion Different Health education should be carried out to different populations so as to improve the awareness rate of plague among the residents in Tianjin.