从遣明使记录看明朝地方在朝贡制度中的作用--以嘉靖年间宁波对日本贡使的接待为例

The Role of Local Regions in the Ming Tributary System:Seen from the Dairies of Japanese Envoys

朝贡制度是一个由诸多环节组成的庞杂体系。地方在朝贡制度中的作用,从制度史的角度来看是处于朝贡制度末端的环节。但如果换一个角度,从中外交流史的角度来看,它恰恰是朝贡制度的起点,同时也是朝贡制度从文本落脚于现实的重要场域。日本遣明使关于其在中国朝贡经历的记录,反映出明代朝贡制度在现实中具体实施的情况,及其因时、因地、因对象而做出的调整,为我们展现出朝贡制度流动多变的一面。

The Tributary System in East Asia was considerably complicated,especially the role of locality in Tributary System was quite variable.It depended upon the partner which Ming Court was dealt with.Though the effect of local regions in Tributary System seemed not very important in Chinese texts,it has been recorded in details in dairies of foreign envoys who present tribute to Ming court.