新生儿低血糖的临床特点及高危因素

The clinical characteristics and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia

目的探讨新生儿低血糖的临床特点及高危因素。方法对2010年1月～2012年12月本院儿科住院的893例新生儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计新生儿低血糖症的临床特点,并对低血糖的相关危险因素进行分析。结果共有新生儿低血糖症133例,占同期住院新生儿的14.89%(133/893)。其中,无症状者84例(63.16%),有症状者49例(36.84%),表现为吸吮无力23例(17.29%),震颤14例(10.53%),嗜睡18例(13.53%),发绀9例(6.77%)。早产儿、低出生体重儿、糖尿病母亲婴儿、小于胎龄儿、羊水胎粪污染或胎心改变、咽下综合征、新生儿胎粪吸入综合征、新生儿窒息、新生儿溶血症、巨大儿等是新生儿发生低血糖的主要危险因素。结论有低血糖高危因素的新生儿应常规监测血糖,及时采取措施纠正低血糖症状,以减少新生儿低血糖的发生。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia.Methods The clinical data of 893 newborns hospitalized in the department of pediatrics of our hospital from January 2010 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed,the clinical characteristics of neonatal hypoglycemia was calculate and the risk factors of hypoglycemia was analyzed.Results There were a total of 133 cases of neonatal hypoglycemia,which accounted for 14.89%（133/893） of the newborns during the same period.There were 84 cases with no symptoms（63.16%）,49 cases with symptoms（36.84%）,23 cases with weakly sucking（17.29%）,14 cases with tremors（10.53%）,18 cases with sleepiness（13.53%）,and 9 cases with cyanosis（6.77%）.The major risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia were premature,low birth weight,diabetes mother,small for gestational age,amniotic fluid meconium contamination or changes of fetal heart,swallowing syndrome,neonatal meconium inhaled syndrome,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal hemolytic disease and fetal macrosomia,etc.which was the major risk factors for neonatal hypoglycaemia.Conclusion Newborns at high risk for hypoglycemia should be regularly monitored for the blood sugar,and it is necessary to take measures to correct the low blood sugar,in order to reduce the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia.