全固态锂电池技术的研究现状与展望

All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries:State-of-the-art development and perspective

现有电化学储能锂离子电池系统采用液体电解质,易泄露、易腐蚀、服役寿命短,具有安全隐患。薄膜型全固态锂电池、大容量聚合物全固态锂电池和大容量无机全固态锂电池是一类以非可燃性固体电解质取代传统锂离子电池中液态电解质,锂离子通过在正负极间嵌入-脱出并与电子发生电荷交换后实现电能与化学能转换的新型高安全性锂二次电池。作者综述了各种全固态锂电池的研究和开发现状,包括固态锂电池的构造、工作原理和性能特征,锂离子固体电解质材料与电极/电解质界面调控,固态整电池技术等方面,提出并详细分析了该技术面临的主要科学与技术问题,最后指出了全固态锂电池技术未来的发展趋势。

Conventional lithium-ion secondary batteries have been widely used in portable electronic devices and are now developed for large-scale applications in hybrid-type electric vehicles and stationary-type distributed power sources. However, there are inherent safety issues associated with thermal management and combustible organic electrolytes in such battery systems. The demands for batteries with high energy and power densities make these issues increasingly important. All-solid-state lithium batteries based on solid-state polymer and inorganic electrolytes are leak-proof and have been shown to exhibit excellent safety performance, making them a suitable candidate for the large-scale applications. This paper presents a brief review of the state-of-the-art development of all-solid-state lithium batteries including working principles, design and construction, and electrochemical properties and performance. Major issues associated with solid-state battery technologies are then evaluated. Finally, remarks are made on the further development of all-solid-state lithium cells.