论《史记·列传》之编次

To study order of"Si Ji Liezhuan"

《史记》列传之编次问题,自司马贞始论之,其所疑者,在西南夷之安置,其他编章之顺序则未尝提及。然其所疑,千百载下,莫得其解。《太史公自序》自本纪以迄列传之缘由,详叙其始末,可以为一说。然所言乃概述著作内容,于承先启后之要素,未能提及,故论之者众,亦难释其疑。审司马迁于《太史公自序》中所言,与《序卦》体例相同,在世家中亦可见司马迁曾读《序卦》,故其序言或受《序卦》之影响。《序卦》将《周易》六十四卦分别部居,不相杂厕,并在其间通过意义的引申排比,作为今本《周易》卦序之导言,于六十四卦之了解,有莫大帮助。司马迁作自序,其体例与《序卦》同,皆是以陈一篇之旨,故其编次顺序,亦可由列传诸篇中得之。遍览七十篇列传,顺序似无固定法则,然自时间编排看,而得其要旨;复审其文,则可以知太史公当有编排之内在理路,而非"随得随编"。故于七十列传中,寻其连续之因,以申相继之理,得知在时序之外,或有以学风近似而相续之;或有事迹同类则串连之;或有处事相涉便贯通之;或有地域相近似故序列之。是皆可以见史公编排之妙趣,文中析七十篇,以察编次之理,试考史公之旨,以成一说。

Sima Zhen was the first person who researched the arrangement of'Si Ji Liezhuan'.He particularly doubted the arrangement of Southwest barbarians.Other parts had no studies.In'Autobiography of Tai Shi Gong',it explained the reasons of arrangement;however,there was no explanation about the necessity of order of priority.Sima qian had studied 'Xu Gua'.The style of'Autobiography of Tai Shi Gong'is similar to 'Xu Gua'.They may relate to each other.'Xu Gua'explains the relationship of sixty-four Gua.So do'Autobiography of Tai Shi Gong'.For this reason,it is necessary to investigate the original text if one wants to study the order of Liezhuan.After studied seventy Liezhuan,we understood that Liezhuan was arranged chronologically.Secondly,it was arranged by similar educational context,the resembling situation and life influence of each other,and the connection with the range of activities.