元祐更化初同文馆中的品鉴联谊式唱和——《同文馆唱和诗》研究系列三

The Responsory in the Tongwen College in the Beginning of Yuanyou Period——the Third Series of Tongwen Antiphon Poetry

与僧人们论辩禅理式的唱和不同,《同文馆唱和诗》充满了世俗的气味。品鉴与描绘唱和对象,谈谈彼此之间的各种社会关系,互相褒扬而自谦,是这次试官们次韵唱和的重心。那些模糊到几近消失的历史人物形象则在这种唱和中渐渐明晰,即便是那些不太有名气的人物,也因为诗人的诗意化描绘而血肉丰满、栩栩如生。三个月的锁院几乎是强制性地拉近了唱和者彼此的距离,锁院唱和可以说是"关系本位"社会形态的浓缩体现。这次品鉴联谊式唱和是汉末品鉴人物之风在元祐更化时期的全面回潮,有着浓厚的时代气息。

Different from the monks＇ argument about Zen Buddhism, Tongwen Antiphon Poetry was mundane. Tasting and describing the objects, talking about each other＇s social relationship, praising each other and abasing themselves were the core of this responsory. However, the historical figures who were fuzzy and nearly strange to the present readers became clear gradually in the responsory. Even the person who was familiar to the people was in flesh because of the poetic description. Being locked for three months forced everyone to be closer and the lock can be said to reflect the social formation about ＂relationism＂. This responsory was the resurgence of tasting the friendship of the late Han Dynasty in the Yuanyou period and had a strong flavor of the times.