嵌入性制度:美国慈善基金会的运行机制探析

Embedded System: A Discussion on the Operating Mechanism of the Philanthropic Foundations in the United States

慈善基金会是美国非营利部门运作成功的秘诀。然而,作为非营利机构的支持性组织和非营利部门的重要经费来源之一,它们对整个非营利部门的重要意义不仅在于提供资金,还在于它是公益慈善事业走向体制化、科学化和专业化的象征。嵌入性制度是美国慈善基金会发展的不竭动力,也是维持非营利部门活力和独立生存的根本保证。

Philanthropic foundations are the secret to the success of the operation of the non-profit sector in the United States. However, as the supporting organizations of non-profit organizations and one of the im- portant sources of funding for non-profit sector, their significance lie not only in the provision of funding, but also serve as a symbol of the transformation of public charity to a more institutionalized, scientific and profes- sional system. The embedded system is an inexhaustible motive force of the development of the philanthropic foundations in the US, and it also helps guarantee the non-profit sector vitality and independence.