低温下理想气体的热容

The Heat Capacity of Ideal Gas in Low Temperature

利用计算机数值求解的方法,在一定的近似条件下讨论由异核双原子分子构成的理想气体在低温下的平动、转动以及振动的热容.并由此说明由能量均分定理以及经典统计力学所求出的热容结果只是在常温或者高温的范围内才成立,而在低温条件下则需要用量子统计力学才能得到合理且符合热力学第三定律的结果.

By the computer numerically simulation method, the transitional part, rotational part, and vibrational part of the heat capacity of ideal diatomie gas was discussed under a certain approximation. The conclusion demon- strated that the heat capacity which has been calculated by the Equipartition theorem and classical statistical me- chanics is only set up in room temperature or high temperature. While in low temperature, these two methods should be replaced by quantum statistical mechanics to get reasonable results in order to fit the third law of thermo- dynamics