东晋士族门阀政治与皇权的振兴与衰落——以晋元帝振兴皇权为考察

The Rise and Fall of Aristocratic Politics and Imperial Power in East Jin Dynasty——An Investigation of Emperor Yuan's ( Sima Rui) Revitalization of Imperial Power

元帝即位后,东晋皇权身处士族门阀势力与北方民族政权的内外夹击之中,而江南士家大族又趁机威胁,使司马睿寝食难安。元帝凭借权力身份,任用官吏以培养拥皇势力,积极推行诸如以法御下、调整中枢、搜括户口、加强军权等具体措施以振皇权,但遭到了以王氏为代表的士族抵抗而以失败告终。这表明东晋门阀政治并非一蹴而就,它的出现很大程度上是皇权同士族斗争失利的结果。

After the emperor ascended the throne, the imperial power in East Jin Dynasty was confronted with the attack from both the reclusive aristocratic power and the northern ethnic regimes. Meanwhile, Han scholars in Jiangnan Area also took this opportunity to threaten the imperial power, Sima Rui felt anxious. Relying on his own authority as the emperor, Emperor Yuan appointed the officials to cultivate and hold imperial forces, released the edict to show his governing attitude and to create a revival of Sima~ imperial objective conditions, promoted actively such specific poli- cies as adjusting central account, strengthening military to reinforce the imperial power. The imperial power was de- stroyed by the resistance from the aristocracy represented by the Wang~. It implied that the aristocratic politics in East Jin Dynasty did not accomplish at one stroke, it was the result of the struggle between the imperial power and the aris- tocratic politics.