2011年四川省农村家庭环境卫生现况调查

Household Sanitation Conditions in Rural Areas of Sichuan in 2011

目的掌握四川省农村家庭环境卫生健康危害因素的水平,客观评价农村环境卫生状况,为政府和相关部门制定农村健康危害因素的控制措施提供基础数据和技术支持。方法 2011年在全省范围内按照分层随机的方法随机抽取51个县1 020个行政村,5 083户农村家庭进行现场调查,填写由中国疾病预防控制中心改水技术指导中心统一制作的调查表格。结果共收到信息完整的有效调查表4 902户,调查农村家庭饮用水类型井水占56.77%,自来水占25.97%;家庭饮开水占80.05%,饮生水占3.43%;90%以上的家庭有固定的垃圾丢弃地点,其中有9.26%的家庭随意丢弃垃圾;污水排放主要方式是明沟(43.39%);家庭污水主要排放地点是农田(40.74%);68.97%的家庭拥有不同形式的卫生厕所;厕所粪便处理方式以直接施肥为主(57.98%);30%的农村家庭厨房内蟑螂孳生严重;49.67%的农户家庭厨房内有鼠迹,71.42%的农户家庭厨房内有苍蝇。结论四川省农村家庭集中式供水普及率较低,少数农村居民饮水习惯较差;农村家庭生活垃圾和生活污水缺乏管理;卫生厕所普及率尚低;农村家庭厨房卫生状况不佳。四川省农村环境卫生状况亟待改善。

Objective To clarity the environmental health hazard factors in rural households and evaluate the health related environmental conditions with the aim of providing basic data and technical support for control measures. Methods Totally 5083 households were selected with stratified random sampling methods from 1020 administrative villages of 51 counties throughout the province. Field investigation was carried out in these fami- lies and they were surveyed with forms uniformly made under the National Center for Rural Water Supply Tech- nical Guidance. Results A proportion of 56. 77% drinking water in rural families in the province was well wa- ter, and tap water accounted for 25.97% ; 80. 05% families drank boiled water and 3.43% drank un - boiled water. Over 90% families had constant garbage discarding places, while 9.26% casually discard the garbage. The most way of sewage discharging was open trench （43.39%） and the most sewage discharging site was farm- land （40.74%） ; 68.97% families had different types of sanitary latrines. The main fecal treatment way was directly fertilizing （57.98%） ; 30% rural families＇ kitchen were seriously propagated with cockroaches;49. 67% families had mice traces. For 71.42% of the families, flies were found in their kitchens. Conclusion The penetration of central water supply still stays at a low level in rural families in the province. A few rural fami- lies have poor drinking habits. The domestic garbage andsewage in rural families are lack of management. The penetration of sanitary latrines still stays low. The sanitary condition of the family kitchens in rural area is worrisome. In all, the environmental sanitation in rural areas of the province needs further improvement.