男性酒依赖患者心理状况、社会支持、家庭环境的调查

Psychological Status,Social Support and Home Environment in Male Patients with Alcohol Dependence

目的调查男性酒依赖患者的心理状况、社会支持、家庭环境,为治疗干预提供理论依据。方法采用一般情况调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、家庭环境量表(FES)对酒精依赖组(n=48)与正常饮酒组(n=60)进行评估,进行对照研究。结果酒精依赖组与正常饮酒组比较,职业、文化水平、婚姻状况方面存在差异,具有统计学意义(t值分别为19.1、12.0、13.2,P均<0.05)。酒精依赖组SCL-90各项因子分都高于正常饮酒组,尤其是抑郁、人际关系敏感、偏执因子(t值分别为19.80、10.94、11.40,均P<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。酒精依赖组SSRS各因子评分均低于正常饮酒组,差异具有统计学意义。酒精依赖组与正常饮酒组比较亲密度、情感表达、知识性、道德宗教观、控制性较低,矛盾性较高,差异具有统计学意义。结论男性酒精依赖患者心理状况较差,存在较明显的焦虑抑郁情绪,治疗时应予以密切关注。酒精依赖患者社会支持低、家庭环境差,应加强对心理支持治疗,积极改善家庭环境,这样才能有效地降低患者的复饮率。

Objective To investigate the psychological status, social support and home environment in male patients with alcohol dependence. Methods Forty-eight patients with alcohol dependence and 60 normal controls were evaluated using self-designed questionnaire, Symptoms Checklist-90 （SCL- 90）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）and Family Environment Scale （FES）.Results There were signi-ficant differences in the occupation, education and marital status between alcohol dependence group and control group （each t values were 19.1,12.0,13.2, all P〈0.05 ）. Compared with control group, SCL-90 factor scores, especially depression, interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation scores, significantly increased in alcohol dependence group （t=19.80, 10.94 and 11.40, respectively; P〈0.05）. In addition, patients with alcohol dependence had lower SSRS factor scores and cohesion, expressiveness ,intellectual orientation ,moral religion notion and controlling scores and higher conflict scores. Conclusion Male patients with alcohol dependence have poor mental health （especially anxiety and depression）, low social support and bad family environment. Therefore, psychological support should be strengthened and home environment should be improved to effectively reduce drinking.