普通话及北京话单字调和双字调实验研究综述

An Overview of the Experimental Study on the Single-character Tones and Double-character Tones of Putonghua and Beijing Dialect

声调研究一直是国际语音学家研究的重要课题,近几十年来,中国学者在该领域也取得了长足进展,成果丰硕。本文对现代汉语声调,主要是普通话及北京话单字调和双字调的实验研究作了较为全面的介绍。从宏观上梳理了声调研究的脉络和代表文献;从实验细节上说明了音高、音长和音强这三个概念的区别;归纳出声调的载调段要视实验的具体要求而定,音色对于声调辨别的影响是有显著度上的区别的;总结了每一个声调调位内部声调变体的分布趋势;讨论了在协调前后字音之间高低时存在的两种协调关系。

The study of tones has always been an important subject for the phoneticians worldwide. In recent decades, Chinese scholars in this field have made considerable progress, with fruitful results. This paper gives an overview of the modern Chinese tones, specifically the experimental study on the single-character tones and double-character tones of Mandarin and Beijing dialect. The discussion is divided into seven parts： firstly, an introduction showing the reason why the single-character tones and double-character tones of Putonghua and Beijing dialect are reviewed together; secondly, a brief account of the tone theories and method going over the lines and the representative works of the related study from a macro perspective; thirdly, an introduction on the research of pitch, tone length and intensity which is distinguished from the experimental details; fourthly, the study of tone perception concluding that the load segment of tones is determined by the specific requirements of the experiment, the influence of the timbre to the tone discrimination is different in terms of the prominence; fifthly, an introduction of the tone section summarizing the distribution trend of the tone variation inside each tone; sixthly, an introduction of the elbow section, transfer section and down-type section discussing two co- ordinations arising from the regulating between the preceding and following pronunciations, among which section 5 and 6 is the focus of this paper; and the end is a brief comment on the tone study of modern Chinese, which indicates the direction for our future work.