《格列佛游记》与《镜花缘》中理想国的比较

Comparison of Ideal Societies between Gulliver's Travels and Flowers in the Mirror

《格列佛游记》和《镜花缘》在抨击现实的同时也构建了作者心中的理想社会。其理想社会的相似之处表现在三方面:第一是简单。在理想社会中,人们主要依靠道德或理性来管理社会。人们思想单纯、生死看开、名利看淡,热衷于自身道德的提高而非知识的获取,同时,对物质生活的要求很低。第二是有序。整个社会秩序井然,一切都按规矩办事。第三是有益人类发展。理想社会的教育制度与婚姻是为了种族进化而科学设计安排的。由于作者所处时代的局限,其笔下的理想社会不可避免地具有不足之处,而它们的相似之处则体现了人们对理想社会的共同见解与追求。

There are ideal societies created in Gulliver＇s Travels and Flowers in the Mirror. These societies share many similarities. The first one is simplicity. People of the ideal societies rely on mo- rality or rationality, instead of complicated politics, to run the countries with the laws being down- played. The inhabitants all enjoy a kind of simple thoughts with which they depreciate knowledge, ex- empt themselves from useless feelings and affront death. Moreover, they have little desire for materi- als. The second one is order. People unanimously stick to the order of the society and that keeps the i- deal societies running. The third one pertains to the society＇s contribution to people＇s development. In the ideal societies, education and marriage are just designed for the development of human race. All the ideal societies have their own unavoidable disadvantages due to the limitation of the age, while their similarity shows the common yearning of human beings for the ideal society.