经口喂养困难早产儿的早期综合干预

Early comprehensive intervention for preterm infants with oral feeding difficulties

目的探讨早期综合干预对早产儿经口喂养困难的防治作用。方法将64例经口喂养困难早产儿随机分为对照组(33例)和干预组(31例),两组均给予胃肠道外营养和/或鼻饲管喂养、早产儿常规护理、抚触等;干预组在此基础上给予口部感觉运动干预、合适的喂养护理技巧等。观察并记录两组患儿胃肠外营养、鼻饲喂养及平均住院时间;开始经口喂养、达到完全经口喂养、恢复出生体质量时的日龄;恢复出生体质量后体质量增长速率等。结果干预组胃肠外营养时间、鼻胃管喂养时间、平均住院时间显著短于对照组;开始经口喂养、达到完全经口喂养、恢复出生体质量时日龄均早于对照组;恢复出生体质量后体质量增长速率显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论早期综合干预能够缩短早产儿经口喂养困难时间,促进早产儿尽早完成向经口喂养模式的转换,是一种安全、有效的早期喂养干预方法。

Objective To explore the effect of early comprehensive interventions on oral feeding difficulties in preterm infants.Methods Totally,64preterm infants with oral feeding difficulties were randomly divided into a control group of 33,and an intervention group of 31.Both groups were given parenteral nutrition and/or nasogastric tube feeding,routine care,massage,etc.The intervention group were additionally given oral sensorimotor interventions with appropriate feeding skills.Duration of dependence on parenteral nutrition,duration of nasogastric feeding,lengths of hospital stay,the time for infants to oral feeding,time to achieve complete oral feeding,time to return to their birth weight,the rates of weight gain after return to their birth weight,were compared between the 2groups.Results The duration of dependence on parenteral nutrition,duration of nasogastric feeding,length of hospital stay,were significantly shorter in the intervention group than in the control group（P0.05,P0.01）.The intervention group had significantly shorter time to oral feeding,shorter time to achieve complete oral feeding,more rapid return to their birth weight,and higher rate of weight gain after return to their birth weight,than the control group（P0.05,P0.01）.Conclusion Early comprehensive interventions could combat oral feeding difficulties in premature infants,and boost the transition to oral feeding.This method is safe and effective.