边坡坡面流-渗流耦合冲蚀的模型实验

Experimental research on slope soil detachment by shallow flows and upward seepages

大量研究认为,渗流对坡面侵蚀有着重要的影响,但是目前尚缺乏系统的实验或成熟的理论成果以反映渗流对坡面侵蚀的作用机理。针对坡面流-渗流共同作用下斜坡土体搬运过程的试验难题,提出专门实验装置及试验方法,通过观测坡面薄层水流侵蚀现象(片蚀)揭示渗流对薄层水流侵蚀的影响机理,为坡面侵蚀的预测预报及其防治提供有力的理论依据。基于ABAQUS软件进行有限元渗流计算分析,结果表明采用该试验方法后坡面上渗流不均匀度可控制在3%以内,证实了该研究方法的可行性。

A common conclusion holds that seepage has obvious effect on slope erosion; however, there have been few systematical experiments or mature theories so far to quantitatively or quantitatively reflect the underlying mechanism. In this study, we propose specific experimental apparatus and methods for exploring the scouring process of slope soil detachment （sheet erosion） by shallow flows, attempting to reveal the coupling mechanism of seepage on slope erosion, and to predict topographical changes of slope more accurately, which can be introduced into the theories of slope erosion in relation to seepage effect and into design of protection against erosion. Based on the numerical analysis by the software ABAQUS, performance of the proposed apparatus is confirmed with seepage difference on slope lower than 3 %, and is satisfactory in the experimental study of seepage coupling slope erosion.