图绘西方马克思主义——读张一兵先生的《文本的深度耕犁》

Mapping Western Marxism: On Zhang Yi-bing’s Deep Plough of Texts

张一兵教授在国外马克思主义研究领域作出了特殊的贡献,他不仅对西方马克思主义做了许多个案研究,而且对如何推动这一领域的研究提出了新的分析框架。其基本观点是:西方马克思主义传统在1968年阿多诺的《否定辩证法》出版后就已经终结,其主要原因是本真的马克思主义诉求和资本主义批判这两大原则已经被放弃;在此之后,西方的马克思主义派生出后马克思主义、后现代的马克思主义和新马克思主义三种思潮。这一观点虽然有启发性,但有一定的片面性。根据理论逻辑和社会现实的变化,西方马克思主义传统的整个发展可以区别为四种类型,即"现代主义的马克思主义"与"后现代主义的马克思主义"、"现代性的马克思主义"与"后现代性的马克思主义"。在这里,区分的基础不是抽象意义上的本真马克思和资本主义批判这两个前提,也不是总体性或同一性的思维方式,而是经典马克思主义的现代性辩证法的理论坐标。

Professor Zhang Yi-bing has made special contributions in the field of studies of Marxism abroad. He not only made many case studies of Western Marxism, but also put forward a new framework for the research of this field. His basic point is that Western Marxist tradition had ended in 1968 after the publication of Negative Dialectics because the principles of authentic Marxism and the critique of capitalism had been abandoned. From then on, Marxism in western world was divided into three trends: post-Marxism, postmodern Marxism and Neo-Marxism. Although this view is illuminating, it is partial to some degree. This article will argue that, according to the change of theoretical logic and social reality, the historical process of Western Marxism can be divided into four types: modernist Marxism, postmodernist Marxism, Marxism of modernity and Marxism of postmodernity. Here the division is based on the problem of whether Western Marxists are still insisting on the relevance of Marxian dialectic of modernity, instead of the principle of authentic Marxism, the critique of capitalism, or the categories of identity and totality.