否定性与辩证唯物主义:张世英对黑格尔辩证逻辑的解读

Negativity and Dialectical Materialism: Zhang Shiying’s Reading of Hegel’s Dialectical Logic

长期以来,西方学术界对中国辩证唯物主义的研究忽视了黑格尔哲学及其对中国马克思主义的影响这一重要的哲学维度。巴腾探讨了北京大学张世英的论著,这些出版于20世纪50年代、以黑格尔的辩证逻辑为研究对象的著作,旨在阐述黑格尔思辨辩证法的实质及其与辩证唯物主义的关系。与列宁一样,张世英认为,黑格尔对逻辑的研究能够帮助人们更深刻地理解唯物主义,此前的马克思主义者在批评德国唯心主义时,并没有认识到这一点。张世英对黑格尔《逻辑学》与《小逻辑》的精当解读,突出了思辨辩证法与否定性这一问题。当代后结构主义者阐述了黑格尔哲学中否定性所发挥的作用,根据这些阐述,巴腾考察了张世英对黑格尔辩证法的分析。

Studies of Chinese dialectical materialism have long neglected the important philosophical dimension of Hegelian thought and its influence on Chinese Marxism. This essay examines the work of Zhang Shiying of Beijing University, whose studies of Hegel’s works on dialectical logic in the 1950s sought to clarify the nature of Hegel’s speculative dialectic and its relation to dialectical materialism. Like Lenin before him, Zhang believed that Hegel’s works on logic offered a more profound reflection on materialism than had previously been recognized by Marxist critics of German idealism. Zhang’s sensitive reading of both Hegel’s Science of Logic and the Encyclopedia Logic highlights the problem of the speculative dialectic and negativity. Examined here is Zhang’s analysis of the Hegelian dialectic in light of contemporary accounts of the role of Hegelian negativity in poststructuralist thought.