手术室医院感染的危险因素及控制措施

Risk factors of infections in operating rooms and the control measures

目的总结手术室感染的风险因素,探讨控制手术室感染的相关措施,以降低术后的感染率。方法回顾性分析医院9185例各类手术患者的临床资料,探讨手术类型、参观手术人数的多少、手术室内空气的细菌含量、手术过程中手术刀使用时间的长短,以及患者在术前的住院天数和手术室感染发生情况的关系。结果普通无菌手术室内进行的手术的患者的感染率为2.74%,层流手术室内进行的手术的患者的感染率为1.46%;参观手术人数<3人的术后感染率为1.52%,而参观手术人数>3人的术后感染率为3.04%;发生感染的患者在使用手术刀的时间、手术室空气的含菌量以及术前住院的天数均明显多于未发生感染的患者,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过对手术室感染风险因素分析总结,并对每一个手术室感染风险因素进行严格的控制,能够有效减少患者术后手术切口发生感染的概率,有利于患者术后的恢复,提高手术的临床治疗效果。

OBJECTIVE To summarize the risk factors of nosocomial infections in the operating rooms and explore the related control measures so as to reduce the incidence of postoperative infections.METHODS The clinical data of 9185patients with various types of operations were retrospectively analyzed,and the correlation between the operation types,the number of people visiting the operation,the content of indoor air bacteria,the time of use of scalpel in the operation,length of hospital stay,and the incidence of infections was observed.RESULTS The infection rate of the patients receiving operation in the common aseptic operation room was 2.74%,while it was 1.46%in the strict aseptic operating room.The infection rate was 1.52% when the visiting people were less than 3,and it was 3.04% when the visiting people were more than 3.The time of use of scalpel,the content of bacteria of the air in operating room,and the hospitalization duration of the patients with infections were significantly more than those of the patients without infections,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.CONCLUSIONIt is an effectively way to reduce the probability of postoperative infections and improve the clinical the rapeutic effect through the analysis of the risk factors of infections in the operating room.