思想史视域下资本主义的不平衡地理发展探微

On the Uneven Geographical Development of Capitalism from the Horizon of Intellectual History

资本主义的不平衡地理发展是一条具有深厚马克思主义底蕴的批判理论线索,哈维等左翼思想家致力在空间视域下揭示该问题对于当代资本主义批判的重要性。事实上,不平衡地理发展概念存在着一个不断深化的过程。从经典马克思主义时期将其界定为资本积累的被动结果,到"第二国际"时代卢森堡等人把它扩展到非资本主义社会的反殖民斗争,再到"第三世界"革命浪潮中直接将其转化为不发达地区反抗西方中心霸权的重要武器,最后到激进地理学将它视为理解当代资本主义生产方式的关键,进而上升到揭开资本主义幸存之时空本质的高度。今天,不平衡地理发展不再是描述人类生存环境的原始多样性和空间差异的问题,它的焦点是资本是如何制造出现代社会中的不平衡,而这种不平衡恰恰构成了资本主义生产方式维持自身生存的基本条件。在确切的意义上,不平衡地理发展概念从空间视角丰富和发展了马克思的资本生产和再生产理论,切实促进了西方社会理论的"空间转向",并有效推动了整个激进左派的再激进化进程。

Uneven geographic development of capitalism is a profound clue of critical theory with Marx- ist＇ s character. The leftists, such as David Harvey, reveal the importance of the issue for contemporary capi- talist criticism in the space horizon. Actually, there is a deepening process in the development of the concept of uneven geographical development. In the classical Marxist period, it was defined for a passive result of the accumulation of capital; In ＂the second international＂ era, the theorists like Rosa Luxemburg extended it to anti - colonial struggles in the non - capitalist society ; In the ＂third world＂ revolution wave, it directly turned into the important weapon which people in undeveloped areas used against hegemony of the western center; Fi- nally in the radical geography, it seems to be the key of understanding mode of production of contemporary capitalism, and then it rises to the height of uncovering the time - spatial nature of survived capitalism. To- day, uneven geographical development is no longer the description of the original diversity of human living en- vironment and differences of space. Its point is how the capital created the unevenness in the modern society, which constitutes the basic condition of the mode of production of the capitalism maintaining the existence of it- self. Precisely, the concept of uneven geographical development has enriched and developed the Marxism the- ory of capital production and reproduction from a space perspective, and has promoted the ＂space turn＂ of western social theory, and has effectively pushed forward the re - radical process of the whole radical leftists.