甘蓝型油菜生育期天数与产量构成性状的相关分析

Correlation between duration of growth periods and yield components of Brassica napus L.

对四川省大面积推广的甘蓝型油菜品种各生育期天数与单株产量及产量构成性状进行相关性和通径分析,结果表明:(1)营养生长天数和角果成熟天数均与单株产量显著正相关,开花天数与单株产量显著负相关;营养生长天数与每果粒数极显著正相关,但与千粒重负相关;开花天数与产量构成性状负相关;角果成熟天数与每果粒数及千粒重极显著正相关,但与单株有效角果数负相关。(2)各生育期天数对单株产量的作用主要通过产量构成性状的间接作用形成;生育期性状对每果粒数的作用大小为角果成熟天数﹥营养生长天数﹥开花天数;对千粒重的作用效果为角果成熟天数﹥开花天数﹥营养生长天数。因此,在甘蓝型油菜品种的选育中,在进行产量构成性状选择的同时,辅以生育期天数的选择,充分利用各性状间的相互作用,提高单株产量以到达高产的目的。

Coefficients and path analysis on duration of growth periods and yield components were evaluated using 39 commercial rapeseed（Brassica napus L.） cultivars in Sichuan Province.Results showed that both durations of vegetative period and silique maturing period had significant positive correlation with yield.Flowering duration had negative correlation with yield.Among the yield components,vegetative duration had significant positive correlation with seeds per silique,but negatively correlated with 1 000-seed weight.Flowering duration was negatively correlated with yield components characteristics.Silique maturing duration had significant positive correlation with both seeds per silique and 1 000-seed weight,but negatively correlated with effective silique per plant.The durations of growth periods affected yield per plant,mainly from indirect effects of yield components.The effect order of durations on seeds per silique was： maturing durationvegetative durationflowering duration.The effect order on 1 000-seed weight was that maturing duration flowering durationvegetative duration.Results indicated the importance of optimum growth period selection on rapeseed breeding according to their complex interactions.