军队离退休疗养干部慢性疾病相关健康知识的掌握情况

Health Related Knowledge of Retired Cadres of Army

目的了解军队离退休疗养干部对常见慢性疾病的知晓、治疗、控制以及健康相关知识的掌握情况。方法便利抽样法选取2011年8月至2012年8月在济南军区青岛第二疗养院健康疗养的军队离退休干部430名,采用自行设计的主要慢性疾病和相关健康知识问卷对其进行调查。结果离退休疗养干部对高血压和糖尿病的知晓率较高,均>85.0%,而代谢综合征的知晓率最低,为13.3%;治疗率以高血压和糖尿病最高,均>80.0%,而代谢综合征的治疗率最低,为14.5%;5种疾病的控制率均<50.0%,控制率最低的是代谢综合征,为13.3%。离退休疗养干部对烟酒习惯、食盐摄入量、情绪状况、科学膳食、规律运动及自身血压水平了解相对较多,而对体质量指数、超重和肥胖定义、正常血糖值范围和自身血糖水平以及如何预防代谢综合征等常识了解相对较少。离退休疗养干部的保健行为较为积极,能坚持锻炼、常吃蔬菜、常吃水果、定期查体及能坚持规律服药者的比例较高,均>90.0%;而主动限酒、能主动控盐、减少脂肪摄入及有意识控制体质量者所占比例较低,均<50.0%。结论应强化对健康疗养的军队离退休干部的疾病知识和健康生活方式的认知指导。

Objective To understand the mastery level of health related knowledge about therapy and con-trol of common chronic diseases for retired cadres. Methods A total of 430 retired cadres of army were re-cruited and assessed by self-designed questionnaire on principal diseases and factors correlated health cogni-tion from August 2011 to August 2012. Results For information grasping of the diseases,about 85.0 % of the retired cadres knew diabetes and hypertension,while only 13.3% of the retired cadres knew metabolic syndrome. For treatment of the diseases, about 80.0 % of the retired cadres knew the way to treat diabetes and hypertension, while only 14.5% of the retired cadres knew the way to treat metabolic syndrome. For control of the diseases,all of the five diseases were lower than 50.0% ,while the control of metabolic syn-drome was the lowest （13.3%）. Knowledge about correlations of alcohol and tobacco habit,salt intake,e-motional state, scientific diet, regular exercise, blood pressure, normal value range of blood pressure and healthy were relatively abundant, while knowledge about the body mass index, overweight and obesity, nor-mal range of blood glucose and how to prevent the metabolic syndrome,etc were relatively deficient. More than 90.0% of the retired cadres of army kept positive health behavior, including daily exercise, eating vegetables and fruits often, regular physical examination and medication, however, less than 50.0% of the retired cadres of army took the initiative to limit alcohol, reduce fat intake and control body weight. Conclusion Attention should be paid to strengthen recognition guidance about diseases related knowledge and healthy life style of retired cadres of army.