微集水促渗对山地果园土壤水分和叶片生理的影响

Effects of Micro-Catchment and Promote-Infiltration on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Leaf Physiological Indices of Mountain Apple Orchard

研究了不同集雨保墒措施对山地苹果园土壤水分、温度和叶片生理的影响。结果表明,与对照处理、单纯塑膜微集水处理、秸秆覆盖处理相比,干旱季节和秋雨季节塑膜微集水促渗处理0～60cm土层土壤含水率分别提高15.50%、7.65%、9.78%和38.66%、30.87%、21.69%,60～200cm土层土壤贮水量分别提高14.75%、5.68%、10.46%和17.03%、5.14%、10.19%。0～25cm土层,塑膜微集水促渗处理的年平均土壤温度为22.7℃,比对照处理提高0.6℃。塑膜微集水促渗技术能提高山地苹果树的叶片相对含水率、光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率。

The effects of different catchment and soil moisture conserving ways on soil moisture, tempera- ture and leaf physiological characteristics were studied. The result indicated that the plastic micro-catch- ment and promote-infiltration could increase soil moisture content and improve water environment of or- chards significantly. The soil water content in 0%60 cm layer under the plastic micro-catchment and pro- mote-infiltration increased by 15.5%, 7.65%, 9.78% and 38.66%, 30.87%, 21.69% respectively in the dry season and in the rainy season over those under three modes （CK, ridge film mulching, straw mulc- hing）. In 60-200 cm soil layer, the soil water storage under the plastic micro-catchment and promote-in- filtration increased by 14.75%, 5.68%, 10.46% and 17.03%, 5.14%, 10.19% in the dry season and in the rainy season respectively. The mean annual temperature under the plastic micro-catchment and pro- mote-infiltration in 0-25 cm soil layer was 9,2.7 ℃, which was 0.6℃ higher than CK. The plastic micro- catchment and promote-infiltration could improve the leaf relative water content, net photosynthetic rates, transpiration rate and the water use efficiency.