清代民间社会中的坟产管理

Tomb Property Rights Management of Civil Society in the Qing Dynasty

在中国传统社会中,坟产是一种非常特殊的产权。受中国传统家族制度的影响,坟产的权利属性表现为几个层次,分属于不同的权利主体所有。在清代的民间社会,坟产同儒家的孝义观念、地权观念、风水观念和宗法观念紧密关联,因此坟产的重要性不言而喻。缘于坟产的极其重要性和特殊性,清代民间社会非常重视对于家族坟产的管理和保护,很多家族采用各种管理方式和手段来加强对祖坟的维护。综观坟产的文化内涵,在一定意义上讲,坟产是传统中国社会的一种"文化缩影"。

In traditional Chinese society, tomb property is a very unique property. The influence of the traditional Chinese family system, tomb property belongs to different subjects of rights. In the civil society in the Qing Dynasty, the tomb property is closely associated with the Confucian filial piety concept, land ownership concept, the concept of Fengshui and patriarchal, so the grave importance of the production is self-evident. Due to vital importance and specificity of tomb property, the Qing Dynasty civil society attaches great importance to production management and protection of the family graves, and using a variety of ways and means to strengthen the maintenance of graves. Looking at the cultural connotation of tomb property, in a certain sense, tomb property is a kind of ＂cultural microcosm＂ of the traditional Chinese society.