殷墟甲骨文中所见的“名动相因”现象

The Phenomena of Nouns Used as Verbs or Vice Versa in Oracle Bone Inscriptions

本文对甲骨文"名动相因"例子重新作了释读。其例有八类:1.动物(鱼、豕、羊、鹿、鸢、犬);2.植物(黍、米);3.人身(目、口、疋、子);4.天象地理(雨、风、雪、川、水);5.建筑(臺、邑、墉);6.器具(鼎、簋、磬、戈、盾、胄);7.方位(东、西、南);8.其他(坎、肉)。从甲骨文的实例看,"名动相因"多数为名词用作动词,少数为动词用作名词。这种以名词充当动词谓语或动词短语的"名动相因"现象,有些可能是原始文字的孑遗。

The paper offers a new interpretation of the phenomena of nouns used as verbs or vice versa in oracle bone inscriptions. The phenomena often find expressions in the following domains： 1 ） words denoting animals such as fish, pig, sheep, eagle, or dog; 2） words denoting plants such as millet or rice; 3） words denoting parts of the human body such as the eye, the mouth, the shin, or the son; 4） words denoting celestial phenomena and geography such as rain, wind, snow, river, or water; 5 ） words denoting constructions such as highly located temple, town, city or walls of the city; 6） words denoting appliances and utensils such as the tripod, Gui, Qing, spear, shield, or helmet; 7） words denoting positions such as the east, the west, and the south ; 8） and others such as low point, meat, etc. In general, more nouns were used as verbs than vice versa in oracle bone inscriptions. It is argued that the phenomena may be the relics of the original characters.