中药“十八反”歌诀源流

Research on the origins and development of the verse ＂eighteen antagonism＂ in Chinese materia medica

中药“十八反”歌诀是专门描述配伍禁忌的一类本草药性歌赋。通过梳理不同历史时期医籍对“十八反”歌诀的记载，发现“十八反”歌诀所涉药物主要来源于南北朝时期陶弘景的《本草经集注》，而歌诀体裁的表述形式则出现在宋金元时期，《儒门事亲》与其他医籍中记载的歌诀并非同源。明代在宋金元时期形成的“十八反”歌诀基础上，又对歌诀所涉药物进行了阐释和补充，相反药物增多，歌诀篇幅加长。《儒门事亲》中的“十八反”歌诀在清代之后传播最广，以致成为迄今最为人熟知的中药禁忌歌诀。

The verse ＂eighteen antagonism＂ of Chinese materia medica is a kind of describing of drug nature concerning the incompatibility of drugs in compound prescription. Through organizing the medi- cal books in different historical periods, it is found that the drugs in this verse basically coming from TAO Hong-jing＇ s ben cao ring fi zhu （Variorum of Shennong＇ s Classic of Materia Medica ） , while the style of verse mostly appeared during the Song-Jin-Yuan period was made. The formed verse was explained and sup- plemented further in the Ming Dynasty, the basis of which appeared in the Song-Jin-Yuan Dynasty, resulting in the increase of the number of antagonistic drugs and lengthy verse. The origin of the verse seen in Ru men shi qin （Confucians＇ Duties to Their Parents） and those in other books was not identical and was the most popular one after the Qing Dynasty, becoming the most popularly known even today.