量子点在环境污染物检测中的应用研究进展

Progress of Application of Quantum Dots in Environmental Pollutants Analysis

量子点是半径小于或接近于激子玻尔半径的一类半导体纳米晶,具有激发光谱宽、发射光谱窄且对称、最大发射波长位置可调、不易光降解的特点。作为一种新型的荧光标记物,量子点因其独特而优良的光学性质已在生物和医学研究领域中得到了广泛的应用。文章对量子点在环境有机污染物、重金属离子、微生物分析检测中的应用进行了综述,介绍了量子点荧光淬灭法、荧光增敏法、量子点标记免疫分析法、量子点表面印迹法、荧光共振能量转换法等不同的作用机制在环境污染物检测中的应用,并对方法的检出限及所应用的环境样品进行了阐述,在重金属的检测中,对量子点和稳定剂不同时方法的检出限进行了对比研究。同时指出了需要进一步关注的问题,展望了其发展方向。

Quantum dots （QDs） as a kind of semiconductor nanoparticles with radius equal to or less than the exaction Bohr radius have been used extensively in biological and medical research based on their excellent optical properties. Applications of quantum dots to the detection of environmental organic pollutants, heavy metals and microbe were reviewed, with the introduction of different mechanisms such as fluorescence quenching method, fluorescence enhancing method, surface molecular imprinting of the quantum dots as well as fluorescence resonance energy conversion method in the detection of environmental pollutants. For the detection of heavy metals, detection limit of different methods which chose different quantum dots and stabilizers were compared, future development direction was discussed as well