不同性别肉鸡生长速度、产肉性能、骨骼矿化和器官发育的差异

The difference in growth performance,meat yield,bone mineralization and organ development between male and female broiler chicks

试验研究了不同性别肉鸡生长速度、产肉性能、骨骼矿化和器官发育的差异。将1日龄健康罗斯308肉鸡公雏和母雏各50只分别随机分为5个重复,每重复10只。试验期为42 d。结果显示:(1)1～21、22～42 d和1～42 d肉鸡公鸡体增重和饲料效率显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),22～42 d和1～42 d肉鸡公鸡采食量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),1～21 d肉鸡公鸡采食量与母鸡无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)42 d公鸡的胴体重、胸肉重和腿肉重均显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),公鸡胴体率和腿肉率显著低于母鸡(P<0.05),公鸡和母鸡胸肉率无显著差异(P>0.05);(3)42 d公鸡胫骨强度、胫骨重量和胫骨灰分重量均显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),胫骨长度、直径、灰分含量及钙、磷含量在公鸡与母鸡间无显著差异(P>0.05),公鸡与母鸡血浆钙、磷含量无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)42 d公鸡肝脏重量和小肠重量显著高于母鸡(P<0.05),心脏和脾脏重量在公鸡、母鸡间无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,1～42 d肉鸡公鸡生长速度、胴体重量、胫骨质量及肝脏、小肠重量均高于母鸡,但胴体率和腿肉率低于母鸡。

The experiment was conducted to investigate the differences in growth performance, meat yield, bone min- eralization and organ development between male and female broiler chicks.A total of 100 （50 male and 50 female）1-day- old Ross 308 broiler chicks were allotted into 2 treatments by sex with 5 cages of 10 birds each.The experiment period was 42 d.The results showed that： （1） body weight gain（BWG）and feed efficieney（FE）of males were significantly higher than those of females in broiler chicks aged 1 to 21 d,22 to 42 d,and 1 to 42 d （P 〈 0.05）.Feed intake （FI）of males was also significantly higher than that of females in birds aged 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d（P 〈 0.05）,but not in birds aged 1 to 21 d （P 〉 0.05 ）. （2） Male broilers had significant higher weight of carcass, boneless breast meat, and leg quarter, compared with females （P 〈 0.05 ）.However,the yield of carcass and leg quarter of males were significantly lower than those of females（P 〈 0.05）.No significant difference in breast meat yield between male and females was observed （P 〉 0.05）.（3）Breaking- strength ,weight ,and ash weight of tibia of males were significantly higher than those of females （P 〈 0.05）.There were no significant differenees in length, diameter and the content of ash, calcium and phosphorus of tibia as well as serum eoneen- tration of calcium and phosphate between male and female broilers （P 〉 0.05）. （4） Male broilers had significant higher weight of liver and small intestinal ,compared with female birds（P 〈 0.05）.No significant differences in the weight of heart and spleen between male and females were observed （P 〉 0.05 ）.The results indicated that male broilers had higher growth performance, carcass weight, and tibia mineralization as well as the weight of liver and small intestine, compared with fe- males, whereas the yield of carcass and leg quarter of males was lower than those of females.