植物精油对瘤胃微生物及瘤胃发酵的调控

Regulations of Plant Essential Oils on Rumen Microorganism and Rumen Fermentation

植物精油具有一定的抗菌活性,主要通过作用于细胞膜对细菌发挥作用。近年来对植物精油的研究主要集中在利用其抗菌特性调节瘤胃发酵,包括影响瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸产量,降低氨的浓度以及甲烷产量等。但不同的研究结果都不尽相同,主要受植物精油添加剂量、化学组分、饲料组成以及试验动物的影响。如何选择适当的植物精油,使其发挥有利作用的同时不对饲料消化产生负面影响将是一大挑战。本文着重对植物精油对瘤胃微生物及瘤胃发酵的调控进行了综述。

Plant essential oils （PEOs） have antimicrobial properties, and develop their actions against bacteria through interacting with cell membrane. Recently, most of the studies about PEOs were focused on the effects of antimicrobial properties on rumen fermentation, including the proportion and production of volatile fatty acids, the concentrations of ammonia and methane in the rumen. However, the results were inconsistent, which were affected by the doze and chemical compounds of PEOs, feed composition and experimental animals. It will be a big challenge on how to select proper PEOs and develop the desirable effects without a concomitant reduction in feed digestion. This paper mainly reviewed the regulations of PEOs on rumen microorganism and rumen fermentation.