营养素和激素对乳蛋白合成过程中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路调节作用的研究进展

Research Advance in Regulation of mTOR Signaling Pathway by Nutrients and Hormones in Milk Protein Synthesis

哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)是一种非典型丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶,是mTOR信号通路的重要分子。mTOR可整合氨基酸、能量和激素等多种细胞外信号,参与基因转录、蛋白质翻译等生物过程。本文总结了mTOR信号通路特点及信号途径,重点介绍了营养素(氨基酸、能量底物)和激素(主要是胰岛素)在乳蛋白合成过程中对mTOR信号通路的调节作用。

Mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a key mediator in mTOR signaling pathway. It can integrate signals from extracellular such as amino acids, energy and hormones, which then involve in the regulation of gene transcription and protein translation. This review summarized regulatory roles of nutrients （ amino acids and energy） and hormone （insulin） on mTOR signaling pathway in process of milk protein synthesis.