等离子体鞘套对高超声速飞行器影响研究

Study on the Influence of Plasma Sheath on Hypersonic Vehicles

临近空间高超声速飞行器周围的等离子体鞘套对无线电波的衰减会导致地面与飞行器的通信中断,严重影响对飞行器的捕获与跟踪。在分析飞行器表面等离子体鞘套构成以及造成射频信号衰减因素的基础上,对处于不同高度和采用不同频率通信的高超声速飞行器射频信号衰减和相移特性进行仿真,结果表明,当通信频率提高到Ka频段时,等离子体鞘套对信号的衰减明显减小,但是频率的提高并不能改善等离子体鞘套对信号相移的影响。建议在工程设计时进一步研究相移对跟踪接收的影响。

The attenuation of radio wave caused by the plasma sheath in the surroundings of near space hypersonic vehicles leads to interruption of communication between the ground and the hypersonic vehicles and this has a signifi- cant negative impact on acquisition and tracking of the hypersonic vehicles. Based on analysis of the composition of the surface plasma sheath around the hypersonic vehicles and factors causing attenuation of RF （Radio Frequency） signals, the attenuation and phase shift characteristics at different altitudes and different frequency are simulated. The result shows that plasma sheath attenuation of signals is reduced significantly when the frequency is increased to Ka-band, but the increase of frequency does not result in improvement of the signal phase shift characteristics de- graded by plasma sheath. Further research is recommended on the impact of phase shift on tracking and receiving functions in project design.