预防侦查错误视角下公安刑事鉴定制度的反思与完善

Introspection and Improvement of the Criminal Appraisal System in Public Security Organs from the Perspective of Investigation Error Prevention

刑事鉴定对于公安机关侦查破案发挥着日趋重要的作用,公安机关在侦查线索的寻找、侦查方向的确定乃至侦查终结的定案证据等方面都极为依赖刑事鉴定。然而,因公安刑事鉴定制度本身存在某些缺陷而容易产生诸多鉴定问题,进而导致侦查错误的发生,以致酿成了一系列刑事冤案。完善现行的公安刑事鉴定制度首先亟需解决公安机关内设鉴定机构的组织管理制度问题,即应确保内设鉴定机构的相对独立,同时应明确对刑事鉴定技术的采用标准。诚然,完善公安刑事鉴定制度并不能完全杜绝侦查错误的发生,但是可以减少侦查错误发生的概率。

Criminal appraisal plays an increasingly important role in solving criminal cases by police.The public security organs rely heavily on criminal appraisal in finding investigation clues and evidence.Due to the defect in criminal appraisal by public security organs,many problems,such as investigation errors and injustice cases,may occur.In order to improve current criminal appraisal by public security organs,we need to address the issue of the organizational and administrative system of internal expertise organization in public security organs,which means to ensure the independence of internal expertise organizations.Meanwhile we should set clear standards for acceptance of criminal appraisal technology.It is true that the improvement of criminal appraisal by public security organs cannot completely eradicate investigation errors but it can reduce the probability of their occurrence.