溺死尸体器官硅藻检出率季节性差异

Seasonal Difference of the Diatom Detected in the Organs of the Drowned

目的研究溺水死亡者肺、肝、肾、骨髓等器官淡水硅藻检出率可能存在的季节性差异,为法医学解决水中尸体死因鉴定提供技术帮助与科学证据。方法收集2009～2011年1、4、7、10月沈阳市浑河中溺死尸体每月(组)各5例;45只家兔分相应月份生前、死后入水组及对照组,分别于当月发现水中尸体后第2天入水,取人及兔肺、肝、肾、股骨骨髓及现场水样备检,应用酶消化法检测各组器官中硅藻数量、种属并与现场水样比对。结果各组溺死尸体肺中均检出多量硅藻且种属与现场水样一致,春、秋及冬季溺死尸体肝、肾中仅可检出少量体积较小的小环藻等中心纲硅藻,夏季肝、肾及骨髓中均未检出硅藻;各组溺死家兔肺中均检出少量小环藻等中心纲硅藻,肝、肾及骨髓中未检出硅藻。结论硅藻种群的季节性变化及不同种群硅藻体积的差异可能造成肝、肾等大循环器官中硅藻检出率的季节性差异;仅肺中检出硅藻,肝、肾中硅藻检验结果阴性并不能排除溺死可能。

Objective To study the possible seasonal difference of the diatom detected in the organs of the drowned for helping determine the death cause in forensic investigation.Method 5 cases per month drowned in Hun river in January,April,July and October from 2009 to 2011 were collected.45 rabbits were used for experiment and divided into three groups,i.e.drowned,immerging into water after death and the control.Rabbits were put into water at the same spot on the next day of body discovery in the corresponding month.Lung,liver,kidney and femoral bone marrow samples of bodies and rabbits,as well as the onsite water samples,were tested for diatom by enzymic digestion method.Results Abundant diatoms were detected in the lung of dronw.ned bodies and they were the same species as those detected in the on-site water samples.A small amount of minor centricae diatoms were found in the liver and kidney of bodies drowned in January,April and October,but none in the liver,kidney and marrow of bodies drowned in July.In the case of rabbits,a small amount of minor centricae diatoms were found in the lung of drowned rabbits,but no diatoms were found in the liver,kidney and marrow.Conclusion The seasonal difference in diatoms detected in the liver and kidney might be related to the seasonal change of diatom species and their volumes.With positive results of diatoms in lung and negative results in liver and kidney,drowning cannot be ruled out as the cause of death.