“排除合理怀疑”证明标准在美国的解释与运用

Interpretation and Application of the Standard of Proof "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt" in theUnited States

在美国司法实践中"排除合理怀疑"证明标准的解释本身存在不周全、不妥贴之处,而且多种解释并存,这造成了事实认定者理解的偏差。在陪审团指示中犯罪构成要件的细化和客观化为排除合理怀疑标准提供了方向。"排除合理怀疑"证明标准为犯罪构成要件提供了现实的度量,规范了证明的结果。

The interpretation of the standard of proof ＂beyond a reasonable doubt＂ itself is inaccurate and incomplete in American judicial practices, and multiple interpretations coexist. This causes fact finders＇ misunderstandings. In instructions to the jury, the subdivision and the objectiveness of constitutive elements of crime provide a direction for the standard of proof＂beyond a reasonable doubt＂. The standard of proof＂beyond a reasonable doubt＂ provides a realistic measure for the constitutive elements of the crime and standardizes proven results.