文化符号学视域中的文化遗忘机制

The Forgetting Mechanism of Culture in the Cultural Semiotic View

文化作为社群的非遗传性记忆,其建构具有选择性,文化遗忘就是它的一个内在机制。根据洛特曼的符号学分类法,文化的遗忘分为文本遗忘、规则遗忘以及代码遗忘。遗忘的主要功能是文化记忆的形成与保持,具体表现在三个方面:文化身份的确立,关涉新的文本、规则、代码的融入;文化外部功能,关涉对"非文化"与"反文化"的作用,存在于文化互动与扩张的过程;文化内部功能,关涉对旧文化记忆与过去的处理,存在于特定文化的内部变迁过程。

The construction of culture as a nonhereditary memory of the community is selective, with cultural forgetting functioning as one of its internal mechanisms. Based on the Lotmanian Semiotic typology, cultural forgetting should be divided into such three types as forgetting of the text, forgetting of the rule and forgetting of the code. The main function of cultural forgetting is ensuring the formation and maintenance of cultural memory, which is manifested in three aspects ： establishing cultural identity concerning the infusion of new texts, rules and codes, the external function concerning non- culture and anti-culture in the process of cultural interaction and expansion, and the internal cultural function concerning old culture and the past in the process of internal changes in specific cultures.