不同种植模式对山药生育时期及经济效益的影响

Effect of Different Planting Patterns on Growth Period and Economic Benefits of Yam

以"陇山药1号"为试材,研究比较了露地、覆膜、小拱棚及双膜4种种植方式对0～25cm地温、山药的出苗时间、农艺性状、产量及纯收益等的影响,以期为西北半干旱区陇山药种植提供最佳种植模式。结果表明:小拱棚、覆膜和双膜处理均可提高山药0～25cm各层次地温、日平均地温和各时段地温;比露地提早出苗10d,可提前播种10～20d,延长山药生育期20～30d,均有利于山药个体的生长;小拱棚处理的产量达到1 098.96kg/667m2,比双膜处理高5.01%,比覆膜处理和露地分别高32.68%和30.62%;小拱棚处理纯收益达12 698.28元/667m2,比双膜处理高10.24%,比覆膜处理和露地分别高49.80%和40.68%。

Taking ＇Longyao 1＇ as material,four cultivation management modes including open field（CK）,plastic film,small arch shed and double film were conducted to study ground temperature of 0-25 cm,the germinating time,agronomic traits,yield and net income and other indexes,in order to propose a better cultivation pattern of ＇Longyao 1＇ in northwest dry zone.The results showed that small arch shed,covered with plastic film and double film treat could improve soil temperature of every layer in 0-25 cm,daily average and each period,therefore,yam could be sowed advanced 10 d than CK,meanwhile the growth period could be prolong 20-30 d with these treatments;all these treatment was advantaged to the individual growth of yam.The yield of small shed treatment was 1 098.96 kg/667m^2,it could be improved 5.01% than the double membrane cultivation,32.68% and 30.62% than plastic film mulching and CK respectively.The net income of small shed was 12 698.28 yuan/667m^2,it could be improved 10.24% than the double membrane cultivation,49.80% and 40.68% than plastic film mulching and CK respectively.