维特根斯坦与语义规范性问题

Wittgenstein and the Problem of Semantic Normativity

维特根斯坦反对语言意义实体论,强调语法规则的规范性。中期维特根斯坦的语言哲学被划入MD规范主义,即语言的意义是由语法规则所决定的。规范不仅表现为语法规则,也表现为逻辑形式,不同的理论体系构成了不同的描述世界、认识世界的规范。规范来源于约定,但是这种约定并不是任意的,有其自主性。规范的稳定性使得规范成为可能,规范的变化是有根据的,它要对现实负责。维特根斯坦无意于提出一种规则和意义二分的语义理论,他认为意义就体现在包含着语言行动的语言游戏中。

Wittgenstein opposes that meaning is a certain sort of entity, and emphasize the normativity of grammar rules. The mid-Wittgenstein＇s language of philosophy is associated with MD normativism, that meaning is determined by grammar rules. The normativity is not only represented in the grammar rules, but also in the logical form. Different theoretical system constitutes different description and ＂knowledge norm of the world. Norm comes from the convention, but this convention is not arbitrary, but autonomy. The stability of norm makes normativity possible. Norm changes with reason and is responsible for the reality. Wittgenstein does not intend to propose a dichotomy semantic theory of rule and meaning, he believes that meaning is reflected in the action of language games.