组合--映射模型与“V了／过＋数量名”结构的时体研究--以“吃了／过一个苹果”为例

A Compositional-Mapping Model and Tense-Aspect of “V le/guo + NumCN”Structure: A Case Study of “Chi le/guo Yige Pingguo”

本文提出从空间域到时间域的语义组合—映射假设,将汉语"V了/过+数量名"结构中的量词处理为界性算子Q,以解释词尾"了"和"过"时体意义的差异。在"V了/过+数量名"中,带时点特征的"了"和带时段特征的"过"对时表达起了决定作用,但在体表达上均体现为隐性体标记,算子Q充当了空间有界与时间定点的接口。"了"和"过"的时间特征差异触发了算子Q允准"V了"从空间域到时间域的映射,但禁止"V过"的映射,"*吃过个苹果"不合法可归因于定点情状在"组合—映射"中不允准算子Q的空映射。

The paper proposes a semantic compositional-mapping hypothesis to clarify the tense-aspect meaning of Chinese suffixes ＂le and ＂guoin ＂V-le/guo ＋ Numeral-Clas-sifier-Noun＂ in which the classifier is regarded as an operator Q with the boundedness feature. The research finds out that in ＂V-le/guo ＋ Numeral-Classifier-Noun＂ structure, ＂le （了） ＂ with the time- point feature and ＂guo （过）＂ with the time-interval feature determine the tense meaning, while they both appear to function as covert aspect markers, and the operator Q serves as the interface between spatial boundedness and temporal telicity. The different temporal features of ＂le （ 了 ） ＂ and ＂guo （过） ＂ occur to be the motivation for the operator Q to allow V ＋ ＂le （ 了） ＂ to map from spatial do- main to temporal domain, while V ＋ ＂guo （过）＂ is prohibited. The ungrammatical structure ＂chi guo ge pingguo（吃过个苹果）＂ is attributed to the fact that the operator Q empty mapping is not al- lowed for telic situation.