不同滴灌供水对春小麦农艺性状和产量结构的影响

Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Water Supplies on the Agronomic Characters and Yield Structure of Spring Wheat(Triticum aestivum Linn.)

[目的]研究不同滴灌供水条件下春小麦(Triticum aestivum Linn.)农艺性状、产量等指标。[方法]滴灌水量根据实际生产条件设置:高水5 250 m3/hm2、适水3 750 m3/hm2、少水2 250 m3/hm2和亏水750 m3/hm2;灌水次数与灌水定额根据小麦生育期需水特点、湿润层大小和地区气候特征设定,全期共滴灌7水。[结果]春小麦株高直线增长期在拔节中期～扬花期,高秆品种(新春19)此期较长且增长速率较大。滴灌小麦的分蘖高峰期在拔节前后,LAI高峰期均在孕穗～扬花期,主茎绿叶数在孕穗期达最大数目。滴灌供水不足造成个体生育期提前,株高降低,LAI高峰期前移,且最高LAI值降低,个体营养体弱小;过量滴灌造成生育期延迟,群体LAI过高,麦株营养生长过旺,影响穗部发育,影响产量;适量滴灌春小麦个体生长稳健,产量节构优化,产量高。[结论]不同基因型品种对滴灌水量反应有差异,矮秆品种新春22受水分调控较大,故应注意保证适量供水以确保高产。

[Objective] The aim was to study the agronomic characters,yield and the other indicators of spring wheat under different drip irrigation conditions.[Method]The irrigation water amount was designed according to actual production condition,thereinto,high,suitable,less and deficit irrigation water amount was 5 250,3750,2250,and 750 m3/ hm2,resp.,and 7 times water irrigation and every quota were designed according to wheat water need traits during growth periods,water layer size and regional climatic characteristics.[Result]The results showed that the linear growth period of plant height of spring wheat was in the middle of elongation stage to the blooming stage and within this period,the long-stalked variety（Xinchun 19） had a longer duration and larger growth rate.The tillering peak appeared in jointing around and the LAI in booting to blooming.The number of the green leaf of the main stem reached maximum value in time of the booting stage.Individual growth period was advanced because of the shortage of water supply from drip irrigation,and plant height was reduced,the peak of LAI was advanced and the maximum value of LAI was decreased,individual was weak;The growth period would be delay in excessive irrigation treatments,the group LAI was too high,vegetative growth of spring wheat plant was exuberant,that influenced development of panicle and yield;Individual of spring wheat developed steady under appropriate drip,yield components was optimized,and yield was high.[Conclusion] Different genotypes had different response to different drip irrigation amount,dwarf varieties（Xinchun22） were sensitive to the moisture,so it is payed more attention to ensure adequate water supply promoting to obtain higher yield.