艾叶挥发油的提取及其化学成分分析

Extraction of Volatile Oil from Artemisia argyi Leaves and Component Analysis

[目的]采用2种不同方法提取湖南干艾叶中的挥发油,并用GC-MS技术鉴定其化学成分及含量。[方法]采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取艾叶中的挥发油,考察料液比、药材粉碎度、提取时间和浸泡时间4个参数对提取的影响,并采用正交试验选出最佳工艺;同时,采用超临界流体萃取法提取出艾叶中的挥发油。[结果]水蒸气蒸馏法提取率为2.0～4.0 mg/g。GC-MS技术鉴定出其主要成分是4,11,11-三甲基-8-亚甲基-二环[7.2.0]十一烷-4-烯(C15H24),含量为14.76%。超临界流体萃取法提取率为:6.0～10.0 mg/g。GC-MS技术鉴定出主要成分是丁香烯环氧物(C15H24O),含量为7.25%。水蒸气蒸馏法提取艾叶挥发油的最佳工艺是:剪碎药材(100 g),料液比为1∶10(W/V,g/ml,下同),浸泡时间1 h,蒸馏5 h。[结论]相比较水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,超临界流体萃取法提取率较高。

[Objective]GG-MS was used to analyze the composition of volatile from Artemisa argyi leaves extracted by two different methods.[Method]The orthogonal design of hydrodistillation（HD） was carried out to get the best productivity.The supercritical fluid extraction（SFE） method was compared with HD.[Result] The productivity of HD was 0.2-0.4 g /100g Artemisa argyi leaves.And 4,11,11-trimethyl-8methylene-Bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene（C15H24,14.76%） was the major compound.The productivity of SFE was 0.6-1 g/100g Artemisa argyi leaves.And caryophyllene oxide（C15H24O,7.25%） was the major compound.The optimum extraction condition of HD is： slicing the leaves into pieces;adding 1L water /100g;soaking for 1h;extracting 5h.[Conclusion]SFE had a better productivity compared with HD in the use of extracting volatile oil from Artemisia argyi leaves.