6种高等真菌醇提物对植物病原菌的抗菌活性研究

Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Extracts from Six Species of Higher Fungi against Plant Pathogens

[目的]研究海绵胶煤炱菌、条纹炭角菌、瑞克纤孔菌、木蹄层孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌和高木蹄层孔菌的乙醇提取物对植物病原菌的抗菌活性。[方法]采用牛津杯法测试6种高等真菌乙醇提取物对姜瘟病菌、水稻白叶枯病菌、白菜软腐菌及柑橘溃疡病菌的抗细菌活性;采用生长速率法测试6种高等真菌乙醇提取物对油菜菌核病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄黑痘病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和番茄棉腐病菌的抗真菌活性。[结果]6种高等真菌的乙醇提取物对植物病原细菌具有较好的抑制活性;除海绵胶煤炱菌外,其他5种高等真菌的乙醇提取物均对植物病原真菌具有较好的抑制活性。[结论]6种高等真菌对植物病原菌具有较好的活性,可进一步用于抗菌活性成分分离和生物农药开发研究。

[Objective] To study on the antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extracts from Scorias spongiosa,Xylaria grammica Pat.,Inonotus rickii,Fomes fomentarius,Fomitopsis pinicola and Fomes robustus against plant pathogens.[Method] The antibacterial activities against Ralstonia solanacearum,Xanthomonas oryzae,Erwinia carotovora and Xanthomonas citri were tested by the Oxford cup method,and the antifungi activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Fusarium graminearum Sehw.,Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamade,Sphaceloma ampelinum,Alternaria alternaria f.sp mali,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum（Atk.） Snydei Handson,Pythium ultimum Trow were tested by the mycelium growth rate method.[Result] The ethanol extracts from six species of higher fungi showed strong antibacterial activities and antifungi activities except for Scorias spongiosa.[Conclusion]The ethanol extracts from six species of higher fungi were found to have strong antibacterial and antifungi activities,and this could be used for further investigation on antimicrobial compounds and biopesticide.