我国八省小学生心理状况及家长对其评价分析

Analysis on pupils’current mental health situation and their guardians’attitude in eight provinces in China

目的分析我国儿童心理问题现状及其影响因素,为儿童心理健康促进工作提供依据。方法利用中国疾病预防控制中心青年基金"我国学龄儿童主要慢性病干预模式及适宜技术研究"数据。应用长处与困难问卷(strengths and difficulties questionnaire,SDQ)家长版,分析我国8省21 480名6～13岁小学生的心理行为现状及其影响因素。结果 SDQ困难总分(T)、情绪(E)、品行(C)、多动与注意缺陷(H)、同伴交往(P)及亲社会因子(S)平均分分别为(12.93±4.50),(2.30±1.93),(2.38±1.43),(4.02±1.66),(4.23±1.69),(6.29±2.10)。农村儿童在困难总分、情绪、多动与注意缺陷和品行因子得分均高于城市儿童(均有P<0.05)、同伴交往因子及亲社会因子得分低于城市儿童(均有P<0.05);家长文化水平低的儿童困难总分、情绪、多动与注意缺陷和品行因子得分高于家长文化水平高的儿童(均有P<0.05),同伴交往因子及亲社会因子得分低于家长文化水平高的儿童(均有P<0.05)。10.2%的家长主观认为儿童存在心理异常,8.3%认为儿童心理处于边缘状态,81.5%的家长认为儿童心理方面正常。低估和高估儿童心理问题的家长分别占7.9%和6.2%,被低估心理健康水平的儿童,其家长文化程度低、所处农村、评估者为非父母(祖父母、外祖父母及其他)的比例高于被高估心理问题的儿童(均有P<0.05)。结论我国儿童心理健康状况不容乐观,儿童的心理问题干预的具体内容需考虑城乡、经济等的差异,且需要家长的密切参与。

Objective To analyze the mental health status and underlying factors in primary school students, so as to provide evidence for development of mental health promotion programs or policies. Methods We analyzed data from the China CDC funded study on intervention models for main chronic diseases among children in China. The strengths and diffi- culties questionnaire （SDQ） was applied to collect information from both primary school students＇ guardians. Current situ- ation of psychological and behaviors by the SDQ and their influencing factors was analysed among 21 480 pupils from the age of 6 to 13 from eight provinces of our country. Results The average total difficulty score （T）, emotional （E）, con- duct （C）, hyperactivity （H）, peer （P）, prosocial scores （S） of SDQ were （ 12. 93±4.50）, （2. 30 ± 1.93）, （2. 38 ± 1.43）, （4.02± 1.66）, （4. 23 ± 1.69） and （6. 29 ±2. 10）, respectively. Primary school students in rural area had high- er emotional, hyperactivity and conduct factor score （ all P 〈 0. 05 ） and lower peer and prosoeial factor score （ all P 〈 0. 05 ） than their urban counterparts. Children whose guardians were with a high educational level had higher emotional, hyperac- tivity and conduct factor score （ all P 〈 0. 05 ） and lower peer and prosocial factor score （ all P 〈 0. 05 ） than counterparts whose guardians were with a low educational level. 10. 2% of guardians subjectively perceived that their children＇ s mental health were abnormal. 8.3% of guardians perceived their children＇ s mental health were at the borderline level. 81.5% of guardians perceived their children~ mental health were normal. About 7.9% of guardians underestimated their children＇ s mental health status, and 6. 2% of guardians overestimated their children＇ s mental health status. Children whose mental health status were underestimated by their guardians, were more likely to have guardians with lower education level, more likely to live in the rural area, and more likely to have their grandparents participated in the survey, than their counterparts whose mental health status were overestimated （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions The mental health problem in primary school students deserves more attention. Effective mental health promotion programs or policies should take into account of the difference between urban and rural area, and social economic status, and should involve the guardians.