Langbein—Schumm模型——一种第四纪古水文学研究方法

THE LANGBEIN-SCHUMM MODEL——A GENERAL APPROACH TO QUATERNARY PALAEOHYDROLOGY

本文简要介绍了Langbein-Schumm模型的建立、迄今为止对它的评价及其在第四纪古水文学研究中的应用。Langbein 和Schumm 以现代气象和水文资料绘制了三组气象与水文关系的曲线。Schumm指出,当已知第四纪古气候状况时,可以这些曲线推测相应的第四纪古水文状况。这三组关系曲线及Schumm 的这一论断被称为Langbein-Schumm 模型。文中列举了将Langbein-Schumm 模型应用于第四纪古水文学研究的三个实例。

This paper is written to make a brief introduction to the Langbein-Schumm Model,con-cerning its establishment,comments on it and using it in palaeohydrological studies.Three groups of curves were presented by Langbein and Schumm:(1) curves relating meanannual precipitation and mean annual runoff for some values of weighted mean annual tem-perature;(2) curves relating mean annual precipitation and mean annual sediment yield forsome values of weighted mean annual temperature;(3) curves relating mean annual precipita-tion and mean annual suspended sediment concentration for some values of weighted mean an-nual temperature.Schumm argued that these climatology-hydrology relations derived using modern data couldbe used to estimate Quaternary values of runoff,sediment yield and suspended sediment con-centration from palaeoclimatological information available.These curves and the argument proposed by Schumm are called the Langbein-SchummModel and have attracted considerable attention from earth scientists.Previous comments on the Langbein-Schumm Model are introduced in three contexts-thevalidity of the modern analogue concept,the influence of climatic seasonality,and the role ofnon-climatic factors.Three examples of applying of the Langbein-Schumm Model in Quaternary palaeohydrolo-gical studies were discussed:(1) Palaeohydrological reconstruction for the nonglaciated regionsof the conterminous United States;(2) Palaeohydrological reconstruction for the Riverine Plainof New South Wales,Australia;(3) Palaeohydrological reconstruction for the Driftless Area,Wisconsin,the United States.By discussing above three specific studies,the way to apply the Langbein-Schumm Modelto estimate palaeohydrological conditions under different palaeoclimates is introduced.