关于陕西方言有关同义动词的辨析

Analysis of Some Verb Synonyms in Shaanxi Dialect

陕西方言的"吃"字一般用在"吃饭、吃菜、吃肉、吃烟、吃水、吃亏、牛吃草、吃官司"等语境里;"咥"字具体含义有三点:一是大口地吃耐饥的食物,二是放开肚皮吃,三是很痛快地吃;关中把具有詈骂性质的"吃"叫做"茹飧、茹憋(宝鸡)、憋咂(西安)、憋(户县)"等。陕西方言"打"的最常用义为"打击";现代关中方言口语"打"字语义有三:一是用杆状物或肘子等打击,二是钉子或钉状物戳(人),三是言语伤人;陕西方言的"打击,揍"义还以"挕、搉、锤、撇、擜"等来表达。陕西方言最常用的"缝"义动词是缝烂处或三角口子的"敹、绽、挛、";缝衣服过程中的"缝"义动词主要是"niè",指缝在一起。关中方言"舀"是舀取液体或者带有液体的食物等,而"wǎ"指用碗、勺等舀取面粉等物。

In Shaanxi dialect, the word ＂eat＂ is generally used in contexts such as ＂eat food, eat vegeta bles, eat meat, smoke cigarettes, drink water, suffer losses, cattle grazing, being sued. ＂ The word ＂gnaw＂ has three specific meanings： the first one is ＂swobble the hungerresistant food＂; the second one is ＂to open the belly to eat＂; the third is ＂eat ones＇ hearts＇ content＂. People in Guanzhong use the word ＂eat＂ in a derogative sense, such as ＂Ru Xiang＂, ＂Ru Bie＂, ＂Ru Za＂, etc.. The most common meaning of Shaanxi dialect ＂Da＂ is to ＂blow＂, and modern Guanzhong Dialect ＂Da＂ has three mean ing： the first is to strike with shafts or elbow, the second is to stab someone with a nail, and the third is to hurt someone＇s feeling with words. Shaanxi dialects＂beat, attack＂ can also be expressed in differ ent ways. Shaanxi dialect ＂sew＂ most commonly means ＂sew broken pieces. ＂ Guanzhong dialect ＂scoop＂ means to ladle out a liquid or a liquid food, and ＂wa＂ refers to diping flour with the bowl or the spoon, etc..